![]() ![]() Similarly, Delta RPMs are enabled by default. Some guides will recommend adding fastest mirror, but this can actually cause slower downloads as the server selected may have inadequate bandwidth. These will enable a maximum of 10 parallel downloads. Tweak the Update Processīefore installing updates, consider adding the following DNF flag (DNF is the package management system that handles installing and updating software). Many of the Gnome applications are upgraded to GTK4. unit files that define exactly what services and other features start when the target is initiated.There are several wallpapers with light and dark versions to match. ![]() target files that simply group units and dependencies into a convenient format. If you don't have access to a system to experiment with, I encourage you to create a simple lab environment for these types of learning opportunities. Reboot and then confirm the default target: $ sudo systemctl reboot Manually switch targets: $ sudo systemctl isolate graphical.targetĬonfigure the system back to the original target: $ sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target Reboot and confirm the appropriate target launched: $ sudo systemctl reboot Switch to the opposite target (for example, if your system boots to the GUI, switch to the CLI): $ sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target Try the following exercise if you have a systemd-based distribution available, such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL).Ĭheck the current default target: $ sudo systemctl get-default Use the graphical.target argument to set the GUI as the default. Use the following systemctl command to configure the default startup target as the CLI: $ sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target For these users, the performance hit is worth the convenience. End-user workstations rarely boot to the CLI because the user typically needs graphics-based software, such as productivity suites and web browsers. Newer administrators or those migrating from another server platform may not be comfortable enough with Bash to work effectively at the command line. The CLI consumes far fewer resources and contains less software to patch and worry over. Booting a server to a CLI for efficiency and security is common. The default target represents the interface presented when the system first boots. Those commands are useful for the current runtime, but what about configuring a default for when the system boots? Switch back by specifying the multi-user.target with this command: $ sudo systemctl isolate multi-user.target Here's the command to launch the GUI from the multi-user.target: $ sudo systemctl isolate graphical.target You can switch to the GUI, perform your tasks, and then switch the system back to the more efficient CLI. ![]() Perhaps you have a long checklist of administrative tasks, and it would be simplest for you to accomplish these in a GUI, but your server boots to the CLI. You can switch between targets on the fly by using the isolate subcommand. The result will likely display either the multi-user.target or graphical.target. However, to confirm the default, use the systemctl command along with the get-default subcommand: $ sudo systemctl get-default It's probably clear when you boot the system which target is the default. This article aims to explain both options. It's possible to switch targets manually, and you can also configure automatic or default boot targets. The multi-user.target may be loosely associated with the legacy runlevel 3 concept, while the graphical.target is similar to runlevel 5. The two primary targets for this scenario are multi-user.target (the CLI) and graphical.target (the GUI). Instead, you refer to boot choices as targets.
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